Charge carrier interaction with a purely electronic collective mode: Plasmarons and the infrared response of elemental bismuth

TL;DR

This study provides optical evidence of charge carrier interactions with a purely electronic collective mode, specifically plasmarons, in elemental bismuth, revealing temperature-dependent plasmon behavior and associated scattering effects.

Contribution

It presents the first direct optical observation of electron-plasmon interactions and plasmarons in bismuth, highlighting unique energy scale coincidences.

Findings

Temperature-dependent plasmon frequency changes significantly.

Mid-infrared absorption feature correlates with plasmon frequency.

Enhanced scattering rate tracks plasmon frequency with temperature.

Abstract

We present a detailed optical study of single crystal bismuth using infrared reflectivity and ellipsometry. Colossal changes in the plasmon frequency are observed as a function of temperature due to charge transfer between hole and electron Fermi pockets. In the optical conductivity, an anomalous temperature dependent mid-infrared absorption feature is observed. An extended Drude model analysis reveals that it can be connected to a sharp upturn in the scattering rate, the frequency of which exactly tracks the temperature dependent plasmon frequency. We interpret this absorption and increased scattering as the first direct optical evidence for a charge carrier interaction with a collective mode of purely electronic origin; here electron-plasmon scattering. The observation of a \emph{plasmaron} as such is made possible only by the unique coincidence of various energy scales and exceptional properties of semi-metal bismuth.