Generalized Cubic Model for BaTiO$_3$-like Ferroelectric Substance

TL;DR

This paper introduces a microscopic model for BaTiO$_3$-like ferroelectric materials that accurately predicts their phase transitions and polarization directions, aligning with experimental observations.

Contribution

It presents a novel order-disorder microscopic model with three phase transitions and four phases, matching experimental symmetry and polarization directions of BaTiO$_3$.

Findings

Model exhibits three phase transitions and four phases.

Polarization directions match experimental BaTiO$_3$ results.

Intermediate phases are incompletely ordered phases in a generalized clock model.

Abstract

We propose an order-disorder type microscopic model for BaTiO$_3$-like Ferroelectric Substance. Our model has three phase transitions and four phases. The symmetry and directions of the polarizations of the ordered phases agree with the experimental results of BaTiO$_3$. The intermediate phases in our model are known as an incompletely ordered phase, which appears in a generalized clock model.