Vortices and phase transitions of interacting bosons in a rotating lattice ring

TL;DR

This paper studies how rotating lattice rings affect the superfluid properties and phase transitions of interacting bosons, revealing periodic behaviors, vortex generation, and transitions between superfluid and Mott insulator phases.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of vortex formation and phase transitions in rotating bosonic systems, highlighting the effects of interaction strength and lattice rotation.

Findings

Superfluid density and mass current are periodic functions of lattice velocity.

Vortices are generated at critical velocities in weakly interacting regimes.

Strong interactions induce phase transitions between superfluid and Mott insulator states.

Abstract

We investigate the ground state properties of the repulsive interacting bosons in an one dimensional rotating lattice ring, and reveal that the superfluid density of the system and the mass current it can carry in the rotating coordinate are periodic functions of the velocity of the lattice. In the weakly interacting limit, the vortices are generated at the critical velocities, and in the strongly interacting limit, the phase twist of the bosons induced by the rotating lattice manifests the superfluid density and drive the system to undergo phase transitions between the superfluid and Mott insulator.