Ultracold heteronuclear molecules and ferroelectric superfluids

TL;DR

This paper explores the theoretical possibility of ferroelectric phase transitions in heteronuclear molecules, predicting new ferroelectric phases in superfluids and proposing experimental detection methods.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of ferroelectric transitions in heteronuclear molecules and predicts new ferroelectric phases in superfluid states, expanding understanding of quantum phase behavior.

Findings

Ferroelectric Fermi liquid phase for Fermi molecules.

Ferroelectric superfluid phase with coexisting orders.

Proposed experimental detection via coherent dipole radiation.

Abstract

We analyze the possibility of a ferroelectric transition in heteronuclear molecules consisting of Bose-Bose, Bose-Fermi or Fermi-Fermi atom pairs. This transition is characterized by the appearance of a spontaneous electric polarization below a critical temperature. We discuss the existence of a ferroelectric Fermi liquid phase for Fermi molecules and the existence of a ferroelectric superfluid phase for Bose molecules characterized by the coexistence of ferroelectric and superfluid orders. Lastly, we propose an experiment to detect ferroelectric correlations through the observation of coherent dipole radiation pulses during time of flight.