Symmetries of the ratchet current
Wojciech De Roeck, Christian Maes
TL;DR
This paper explores how symmetry considerations, including a newly introduced symmetry operation, explain the ratchet effect in nonequilibrium systems, clarifying conditions for current direction and fluctuation symmetries.
Contribution
It introduces an additional symmetry operation combining field-reversal and time-reversal to analyze ratchet currents in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.
Findings
Identifies conditions when ratchet current is a second order effect
Clarifies the direction of ratchet current based on symmetries
Analyzes symmetry properties of current fluctuations
Abstract
Recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics shed new light on the ratchet effect. The ratchet motion can thus be understood in terms of symmetry (breaking) considerations. We introduce an additional symmetry operation besides time-reversal, that effectively reverses the nonequilibrium driving. That operation of field-reversal combined with time-reversal decomposes the nonequilibrium action so to clarify under what circumstances the ratchet current is a second order effect around equilibrium, what is the direction of the ratchet current and what are possibly the symmetries in its fluctuations.
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