Ground states of spin-3 Bose-Einstein condensates for conserved magnetization

TL;DR

This paper investigates the ground states and phase diagrams of spin-3 Bose-Einstein condensates, focusing on chromium atoms with conserved magnetization, and finds that dipole-dipole interactions have minimal effect on the ground state.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of ground states of spin-3 BECs with conserved magnetization, especially for chromium, and clarifies the role of dipole-dipole interactions.

Findings

Ground state phase diagrams of spin-3 BECs are calculated.

Dipole-dipole interactions have negligible effect on the ground state.

Chromium condensate ground states are largely unaffected by dipole interactions.

Abstract

We calculate the ground states and ground state phase diagrams of Bose-Einstein condensates of spin-3 atoms under the assumption of conserved magnetization. We especially concentrate on the ground states of a chromium condensate. In chromium the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction enables magnetization changing collisions, but in a strong magnetic field these are suppressed. In the calculation of the phase diagrams we neglect the contribution from the dipole-dipole interaction, but discuss its effects at the end of the paper. We show that the ground state of a chromium condensate does not seem to depend on whether or not the dipole-dipole interaction is taken into attention.