Vortex pattern in a nanoscopic cylinder

TL;DR

This paper investigates vortex configurations in a nanoscopic superconducting cylinder using 3D Ginzburg-Landau simulations, revealing various vortex patterns including giant vortices and multiple vortices fitting within the cylinder.

Contribution

First application of 3D Ginzburg-Landau simulations with simulated annealing to analyze vortex patterns in nanoscopic cylinders.

Findings

Identification of different vortex patterns including giant vortices.

Up to twelve vortices can be accommodated within the cylinder.

Demonstration of complex vortex arrangements in nanoscale superconductors.

Abstract

A superconducting nanoscopic cylinder, with radius $R = 4.0\xi$ and height $D = 4.0\xi$ is submitted to an applied field along the cylinder axis. The Ginzburg-Landau theory is solved in three-dimensions using the simulated annealing technique to minimize the free energy functional. We obtain different vortex patterns, some of which are giant vortices and up to twelve vortices are able to fit inside the cylinder