Quantum tunneling of magnetization in dipolar spin-1 condensates under external fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates the quantum tunneling of magnetization in dipolar spin-1 condensates under external magnetic fields, revealing oscillations in energy and magnetic moment due to quantum effects analyzed through effective potential and instanton methods.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of macroscopic quantum tunneling in spinor condensates with dipole interactions under external fields, highlighting oscillatory phenomena and tunneling mechanisms.

Findings

Ground state energy exhibits quantum oscillations.

Magnetization shows periodic oscillations due to quantum effects.

Tunneling analyzed using effective potential and instanton methods.

Abstract

We study the macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization of the F=1 spinor condensate interacting through dipole-dipole interaction with an external magnetic field applied along the longitudinal or transverse direction. We show that the ground state energy and the effective magnetic moment of the system exhibit an interesting macroscopic quantum oscillation phenomenon originating from the oscillating dependence of thermodynamic properties of the system on the vacuum angle. Tunneling between two degenerate minima are analyzed by means of an effective potential method and the periodic instanton method.