Improved Critical Current Density of MgB2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Composite

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that adding carbon nanotubes to MgB2 significantly enhances its critical current density by providing effective flux pinning centers, with optimal performance at 10 at.% CNTs.

Contribution

It presents a systematic investigation of CNT doping in MgB2, showing improved superconducting properties and microstructural insights, which is novel compared to previous unmodified MgB2 studies.

Findings

Maximum Jc of 5.2 x 10^6 A/cm2 at 5K for 10 at.% CNTs

Critical current density increases significantly with CNT addition

Microstructural analysis confirms CNTs enhance flux pinning

Abstract

In the present study, we report a systematic study of doping/ admixing of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in different concentrations in MgB2. The composite material corresponding to MgB2+ x at.%CNTs (35 at.% > x > 0 at.%) have been prepared by solid-state reaction at ambient pressure. All the samples in the present investigation have been subjected to structural/ microstructural characterization employing XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The magnetization measurements were performed by PPMS and Tc & Jct measurements have been done by the four-probe technique. The microstructural investigations reveal the formation of MgB2-CNTs composites. A CNT connecting the MgB2 grains may enhance critical current density due to its size (~ 5-20 nm diameter) compatible with coherence length of MgB2 (~ 5-6 nm) and ballistic transport current carrying capability along the tube axis. The Jct of MgB2 samples with varying CNTs concentration have been found to vary significantly e.g. Jct of the MgB2 sample with 10 at.% CNT addition is ~2.3 x 10^3 A/cm2 and its value for MgB2 sample without CNT addition is ~7.2x10^2 A/cm2 at 20K. The optimum result on Jc is obtained for 10 at.% CNTs admixed MgB2 sample at 5K, the Jc reaches ~5.2 x10^6 A/cm2 in self field, ~1.6 x 10^6 A/cm2 at 1T, ~2.9 x 10^5 A/cm2 at 2.6T and \~3.9 x 10^4 A/cm2 at 4T. The high value of intragrain Jc in 10 at.% CNTs admixed MgB2 superconductor has been attributed to the incorporation of CNTs into the crystal matrix of MgB2, which are capable of providing effective flux pinning centres. A feasible correlation between microstructural features and superconducting properties has been put forward.