Dynamical vortex phases in a Bose-Einstein condensate driven by a rotating optical lattice

TL;DR

This paper simulates vortex dynamics in a Bose-Einstein condensate under a rotating optical lattice, revealing various dynamical phases influenced by potential amplitude and rotation frequency, including a vortex liquid phase.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed simulation study of vortex phases in a BEC with a rotating optical lattice, highlighting the effects of incommensurability and force balance on vortex behavior.

Findings

Identification of multiple vortex dynamical phases.

Discovery of a vortex liquid phase under certain conditions.

Analysis of force interactions governing phase transitions.

Abstract

We present simulation results of the vortex dynamics in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a rotating optical lattice. Changing the potential amplitude and the relative rotation frequency between the condensate and the optical lattice, we find a rich variety of dynamical phases of vortices. The onset of these different phases is described by the force balance of a driving force, a pinning force and vortex-vortex interactions. In particular, when the optical lattice rotates faster than the condensate, an incommensurate effect leads to a vortex liquid phase supported by the competition between the driving force and the dissipation.