Measurement of Stochastic Entropy Production
C. Tietz, S. Schuler, T. Speck, U. Seifert, J. Wrachtrup

TL;DR
This paper experimentally measures the entropy production in a single two-level quantum system using fluorescence spectroscopy, validating theoretical relations for stochastic entropy in finite time trajectories.
Contribution
It provides the first direct experimental measurement of stochastic entropy production at the single-system level, confirming theoretical predictions.
Findings
Total entropy production obeys exact finite-time relations
Entropy can be decomposed into system and medium contributions
Experimental validation of stochastic thermodynamics principles
Abstract
Using fluorescence spectroscopy we directly measure entropy production of a single two-level system realized experimentally as an optically driven defect center in diamond. We exploit a recent suggestion to define entropy on the level of a single stochastic trajectory (Seifert, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 95}, 040602 (2005)). Entropy production can then be split into one of the system itself and one of the surrounding medium. We demonstrate that the total entropy production obeys various exact relations for finite time trajectories.
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