Fluctuation induced first-order phase transitions in a dipolar Ising ferromagnet slab

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how dipolar and exchange interactions in a ferromagnetic slab lead to first-order phase transitions between disordered, striped, and bubble magnetic phases, with implications for thin film domain structures.

Contribution

It introduces an analytical model showing the emergence of stable modulated phases and their transitions in a ferromagnetic slab considering finite geometry effects.

Findings

Striped phase has lower energy than bubble phase.

Transitions between phases are first-order.

Stripe configurations with modulation along the unlimited direction are most stable.

Abstract

We investigate the competition between the dipolar and the exchange interaction in a ferromagnetic slab with finite thickness and finite width. From an analytical approximate expression for the Ginzburg-Landau effective Hamiltonian, it is shown that, within a self-consistent Hartree approach, a stable modulated configuration arises. We study the transition between the disordered phase and two kinds of modulated configurations, namely, striped and bubble phases. Such transitions are of the first-order kind and the striped phase is shown to have lower energy and a higher spinodal limit than the bubble one. It is also observed that striped configurations corresponding to different modulation directions have different energies. The most stable are the ones in which the modulation vanishes along the unlimited direction, which is a prime effect of the slab's geometry together with the competition between the two distinct types of interaction. An application of this model to the domain structure of MnAs thin films grown over GaAs substrates is discussed and general qualitative properties are outlined and predicted, like the number of domains and the mean value of the modulation as functions of temperature.