Nonequilibrium Bose systems and nonground-state Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper extends the theory of resonant generation of nonground-state Bose-Einstein condensates to finite-temperature systems, introducing a framework for understanding topological modes coexisting with noncondensed atoms.

Contribution

It generalizes the theory to finite temperatures using representative ensembles and derives self-consistent equations for nonequilibrium nonuniform Bose systems.

Findings

Resonant generation of topological modes is feasible at finite temperature.

The theory accounts for coexistence of condensed and noncondensed atoms.

New equations describe nonequilibrium Bose systems at finite temperature.

Abstract

The theory of resonant generation of nonground-state Bose-Einstein condensates is extended to Bose-condensed systems at finite temperature. The generalization is based on the notion of representative statistical ensembles for Bose systems with broken global gauge symmetry. Self-consistent equations are derived describing an arbitrary nonequilibrium nonuniform Bose system. The notion of finite-temperature topological coherent modes, coexisting with a cloud of noncondensed atoms, is introduced. It is shown that resonant generation of these modes is feasible for a gas of trapped Bose atoms at finite temperature.