Spontaneous Circulation in Ground-State Spinor Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the ground-state phases of spin-1 ferromagnetic dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing spontaneous circulation and chiral symmetry breaking through non-local Gross-Pitaevskii equation analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of ground-state phases and spontaneous circulation in spinor dipolar BECs, highlighting the emergence of angular momentum and symmetry breaking.

Findings

Identification of three ground-state phases.

Observation of spontaneous orbital angular momentum.

Prediction of observable phases in $^{87}$Rb condensates.

Abstract

We report on a study of the spin-1 ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate with magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. By solving the non-local Gross-Pitaevskii equations for this system, we find three ground-state phases. Moreover, we show that a substantial orbital angular momentum accompanied by chiral symmetry breaking emerges spontaneously in a certain parameter regime. We predict that all these phases can be observed in the spin-1 $^{87}$Rb condensate by changing the number of atoms or the trap frequency.