Numerical study of the directed polymer in a 1+3 dimensional random medium

TL;DR

This study investigates the phase transition and scaling behavior of a directed polymer in a 1+3 dimensional random medium, identifying the critical temperature and analyzing free-energy, energy, and entropy distributions.

Contribution

The paper provides a numerical analysis of the critical temperature and scaling properties, confirming the zero-temperature fixed point and droplet predictions for the directed polymer model.

Findings

Critical temperature estimated as T_c ≈ 0.76-0.79.

Free-energy distribution is Gaussian above T_c.

Entropy fluctuations scale as L^{1/2} and are Gaussian.

Abstract

The directed polymer in a 1+3 dimensional random medium is known to present a disorder-induced phase transition. For a polymer of length $L$, the high temperature phase is characterized by a diffusive behavior for the end-point displacement $R^2 \sim L$ and by free-energy fluctuations of order $\Delta F(L) \sim O(1)$. The low-temperature phase is characterized by an anomalous wandering exponent $R^2/L \sim L^{\omega}$ and by free-energy fluctuations of order $\Delta F(L) \sim L^{\omega}$ where $\omega \sim 0.18$. In this paper, we first study the scaling behavior of various properties to localize the critical temperature $T_c$. Our results concerning $R^2/L$ and $\Delta F(L)$ point towards $0.76 < T_c \leq T_2=0.79$, so our conclusion is that $T_c$ is equal or very close to the upper bound $T_2$ derived by Derrida and coworkers ($T_2$ corresponds to the temperature above which the ratio $\bar{Z_L^2}/(\bar{Z_L})^2$ remains finite as $L \to \infty$). We then present histograms for the free-energy, energy and entropy over disorder samples. For $T \gg T_c$, the free-energy distribution is found to be Gaussian. For $T \ll T_c$, the free-energy distribution coincides with the ground state energy distribution, in agreement with the zero-temperature fixed point picture. Moreover the entropy fluctuations are of order $\Delta S \sim L^{1/2}$ and follow a Gaussian distribution, in agreement with the droplet predictions, where the free-energy term $\Delta F \sim L^{\omega}$ is a near cancellation of energy and entropy contributions of order $L^{1/2}$.