Mechanisms of degeneracy breaking in pyrochlore antiferromagnets

TL;DR

This paper investigates how spin-lattice coupling and further neighbor interactions lift degeneracy in pyrochlore antiferromagnets, predicting magnetic order on the magnetization plateau and potential experimental signatures.

Contribution

It introduces a simple Einstein model for local distortions that predicts a universal magnetic order on the plateau and compares it with previous models, exploring degeneracy lifting mechanisms.

Findings

Einstein model predicts a universal magnetic order on the plateau.

Coupling to lattice distortions leads to a magnetization plateau at half saturation.

Spontaneous uniform XY magnetization may occur just above the plateau.

Abstract

Motivated by the low temperature magnetization curves of several spinel chromites, we theoretically study classical mechanisms of degeneracy lifting in pyrochlore antiferromagnets. Our main focus is on the coupling of spin exchange to lattice distortions. Prior work by Penc et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 197203 (2004)) has demonstrated that such coupling leads to a robust magnetization plateau at half the saturation moment per spin, in agreement with experiment. We show that a simple Einstein model incorporating local site distortions generates a ``universal'' magnetic order on the plateau, and highlight the distinct predictions of this model from that in Penc et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 197203 (2004)). We also consider the complementary degeneracy-lifting effects of further neighbor exchange interactions. We discuss the implications for transitions off the plateau at both the high field and low field end, as well as at fields close to the saturation value. We predict that under certain circumstances there is spontaneous {\sl uniform} XY magnetization (transverse to the field) for field values just above the plateau. These features may be tested in experiments. While selecting a unique magnetic order in the half magnetization plateau, at zero magnetic field the Einstein model retains an extensive degeneracy, though significantly reduced compared with the pure Heisenberg antiferromagnet.