Vortex fluctuations and freezing of dipolar-coupled granular moments in thin ferromagnetic films

TL;DR

This study investigates vortex fluctuations and magnetic freezing in thin ferromagnetic films with dipolar-coupled nanograins, revealing a vortex gas to condensed vortex state transition through Monte Carlo simulations.

Contribution

It provides the first quantitative Monte Carlo simulation analysis of vortex behavior and magnetic freezing in dipolar-coupled nanograin films, highlighting a vortex transition at T_v.

Findings

Vortex structures dominate at high temperatures.

Magnetic freezing occurs at lower temperatures.

A vortex transition at T_v=1/2 G_d(T_v)/k_B is identified.

Abstract

Below the Curie temperature T_c of a Heusler-alloy film, consisting of densely packed, but exchange-decoupled nanograins, the spontaneous magnetization M_s(T) and static in-plane susceptibility \chi_{||}(T) increase very slowly signalizing a suppression of magnetization fluctuations. The unpredicted variation \chi_{||}(T) ~ G_d^2(T), where G_d ~ M_s^2 is the intergranular dipolar coupling, and also the magnetic freezing observed in the dynamic susceptibility at lower temperatures is quantitatively reproduced by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with 10^4 dipolar-coupled moments on a disordered triangular lattice. At high temperatures, the MC spin configurations clearly reveal a dense gas of local vortex structures, which at low temperatures condense in regions with stronger disorder. This vortex depletion upon decreasing temperature seems to be responsible for the observed \textit{increase} of the magnetic relaxation time. For weak disorder, the temperature dependence of the MC vorticity and a singularity of the specific heat at T_v=1/2 G_d(T_v)/k_B indicate a thermal transition from a vortex gas to a state with a single vortex center plus linear vortex structures.