Decoherence in Josephson vortex quantum bits

TL;DR

This paper analyzes decoherence mechanisms in Josephson vortex qubits, showing how environmental noise affects relaxation and dephasing times, and suggests conditions for achieving ultra-long coherence times.

Contribution

It models the phase dynamics of Josephson vortex qubits using the sine-Gordon equation and evaluates the impact of quasiparticle dissipation and current fluctuations on coherence times.

Findings

Critical current fluctuations do not cause dephasing in lowest order.

Low frequency current noise limits the coherence time T_2 at low temperatures.

Ultra-long coherence times are achievable with realistic physical parameters.

Abstract

We investigated decoherence of a Josephson vortex quantum bit (qubit) in dissipative and noisy environment. As the Josephson vortex qubit (JVQ) is fabricated by using a long Josephson junction (LJJ), we use the perturbed sine-Gordon equation to describe the phase dynamics representing a two-state system and estimate the effects of quasiparticle dissipation and weakly fluctuating critical and bias currents on the relaxation time T_1 and on the dephasing time T_\phi. We show that the critical current fluctuation does not contribute to dephasing of the qubit in the lowest order approximation. Modeling the weak current variation from magnetic field fluctuations in the LJJ by using the Gaussian colored noise with long correlation time, we show that the coherence time T_2 is limited by the low frequency current noise at very low temperatures. Also, we show that an ultra-long coherence time may be obtained from the JVQ by using experimentally accessible value of physical parameters.