Novel Algebraic Boson Liquid phase with soft Graviton excitations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new stable gapless boson liquid phase on a 3D lattice with graviton-like excitations, characterized by algebraic correlations, self-duality, and a complex topological order.

Contribution

It constructs a novel algebraic boson liquid phase with graviton-like excitations, protected by gauge symmetries, and describes its unique topological and dynamical properties.

Findings

Existence of a stable gapless boson liquid phase with graviton-like excitations.

The phase exhibits algebraic boson density correlations.

It features a complex topological order with 18 winding numbers.

Abstract

A bosonic model on a 3 dimensional fcc lattice with emergent low energy excitations, with the same polarization and gauge symmetries as gravitons is constructed. The novel phase obtained is a stable gapless boson liquid phase, with algebraic boson density correlations. The stability of this phase is protected against the instanton effect and superfluidity by self-duality and large gauge symmetries. The gapless collective excitation of this phase closely resembles gravitons, although they have a soft $\omega\sim k^2$ dispersion relation. The dynamics of this novel phase is described by new set of Maxwell equations. This phase also possesses an intricate topological order, requiring 18 winding numbers to specify each topological sector.