Formation of bright matter-wave solitons during the collapse of Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper reports the experimental observation of bright matter-wave solitons forming during the collapse of Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium-85, revealing stable soliton configurations with repulsive interactions.

Contribution

First experimental demonstration of bright matter-wave solitons forming during condensate collapse using Feshbach resonance control.

Findings

Bright solitons form during condensate collapse.

Remnant condensates can contain multiple atoms beyond instability threshold.

Solitons exhibit stability and repulsive interactions.

Abstract

We observe bright matter-wave solitons form during the collapse of 85Rb condensates in a three-dimensional magnetic trap. The collapse is induced by using a Feshbach resonance to suddenly switch the atomic interactions from repulsive to attractive. Remnant condensates containing several times the critical number of atoms for the onset of instability are observed to survive the collapse. Under these conditions a highly robust configuration of solitons forms such that each soliton satisfies the condition for stability and neighboring solitons exhibit repulsive interactions.