Relativistic Fluctuation Theorems

TL;DR

This paper extends fluctuation theorems to relativistic Brownian motion, providing a comprehensive proof that encompasses all processes within a known discretization dilemma, and clarifies the role of exchanged 4-momentum in entropy production.

Contribution

It introduces relativistic fluctuation theorems for Brownian motion, covering all processes within a known discretization dilemma and clarifying the physical interpretation of heat in relativistic contexts.

Findings

Relativistic fluctuation theorems are proven for Brownian motion.

The theorems cover the entire class of processes despite discretization dilemmas.

In general relativity, heat is related to exchanged 4-momentum projected on the local time axis.

Abstract

Fluctuation Theorems are statements about the entropy of systems far from thermal equilibrium. In this Letter relativistic Fluctuation Theorems for Brownian motion are presented and proven. Though there is a known discretization dilemma leading to a certain class of Brownian processes, the Fluctuation Theorems are shown to cover the entire class, and to determine the physical process within this class. In the general-relativistic case the heat responsible for entropy production is the exchanged 4-momentum projected on the local time axis of the heat bath.