Modulation of Luttinger liquid exponents in multi-walled carbon nanotubes

TL;DR

This paper presents a theoretical framework for understanding the crossover between Coulomb blockade and Luttinger liquid behavior in multi-walled carbon nanotubes, explaining experimental conductance oscillations and magnetic field effects.

Contribution

It introduces a many-body approach incorporating discrete spectra to model the intermediate regime, predicting oscillating exponents and magnetic field influences on conductance.

Findings

Conductance follows a power-law with oscillating exponents as a function of gate voltage.

An inflection point appears in conductance vs. temperature plots at specific gate voltages.

Magnetic fields of around 4 T significantly alter the band structure and conductance behavior.

Abstract

We develop in this paper a theoretical framework that applies to the intermediate regime between the Coulomb blockade and the Luttinger liquid behavior in multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Our main goal is to confront the experimental observations of transport properties, under conditions in which the thermal energy is comparable to the spacing between the single-particle levels. For this purpose we have devised a many-body approach to the one-dimensional electron system, incorporating the effects of a discrete spectrum. We show that, in the crossover regime, the tunneling conductance follows a power-law behavior as a function of the temperature, with an exponent that oscillates with the gate voltage as observed in the experiments. Also in agreement with the experimental observations, a distinctive feature of our approach is the existence of an inflection point in the log-log plots of the conductance vs temperature, at gate voltages corresponding to peaks in the oscillation of the exponent. Moreover, we evaluate the effects of a transverse magnetic field on the transport properties of the multi-walled nanotubes. For fields of the order of 4 T, we find changes in the band structure that may be already significant for the outer shells, leading to an appreciable variation in the power-law behavior of the conductance. We then foresee the appearance of sensible modulations in the exponent of the conductance for higher magnetic fields, as the different subbands are shifted towards the development of flat Landau levels.