$^{52}$Cr Spinor Condensate$ -- $ A Biaxial or Uniaxial Spin Nematic

TL;DR

This paper explores the different spin nematic phases possible in the $^{52}$Cr Bose condensate, including polar and biaxial states, and presents a phase diagram under magnetic fields showing various nematic phases with diverse symmetry properties.

Contribution

It identifies and characterizes multiple spin nematic phases in $^{52}$Cr condensates and provides a detailed phase diagram including effects of magnetic fields.

Findings

Identification of polar and biaxial nematic phases in $^{52}$Cr condensate

Phase diagram showing multiple nematic phases with different symmetry properties

Existence of phases with or without spontaneous magnetization

Abstract

We show that the newly discovered $^{52}$Cr Bose condensate in zero magnetic field can be a spin nematic of the following kind: A "maximum" polar state, a "co-linear" polar state, or a biaxial nematic ferromagnetic state. We also present the phase diagram with a magnetic field in the interaction subspace containing the Chromium condensate. It contains many uniaxial and biaxial spin nematic phases, which often but not always break time reversal symmetry, and can exist with or without spontaneous magnetization.