Simulation Study of Internal and Surface waves of Vertically Vibrated Granular Materials

TL;DR

This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to explore internal and surface wave phenomena in vibrated granular materials, revealing shock propagation, wave coexistence, and effects of structured bottoms on wave behavior.

Contribution

It introduces detailed MD simulation analysis of wave interactions and the impact of bottom structuring on wave dispersion in granular materials.

Findings

Shocks propagate upward during vibration cycles.

Surface waves coexist with internal waves under certain conditions.

Structured bottoms alter wave dispersion and amplitude.

Abstract

Molecular dynamical (MD) simulations are performed to simulate two dimensional vibrofluidized granular materials in this work. Statistics on simulation results indicate that there exist shocks propagating upward in each vibrating cycle. Under certain driving parameters surface waves similar to Faraday instability in normal fluid coexist with internal waves. Relationship between the two kinds of waves is explored. Moreover simulation results indicate that periodically structured bottom can change the dispersion relationship and amplitude of surface waves.