Phase separation in the trapped spinor gases with anisotropic spin-spin interaction

TL;DR

This paper studies how anisotropic spin-spin interactions influence the ground state density distribution in one-dimensional spin-1 bosonic gases, revealing phase separation in ferromagnetic cases but not in antiferromagnetic ones.

Contribution

It introduces a modified Gross-Pitaevskii theory to analyze the effects of anisotropic interactions in both weakly interacting and Tonks-Girardeau regimes.

Findings

Ferromagnetic gases exhibit phase separation with increasing anisotropy.

Antiferromagnetic gases show no phase separation regardless of anisotropy.

The $m_F=0$ component diminishes as anisotropy increases in ferromagnetic gases.

Abstract

We investigate the effect of the anisotropic spin-spin interaction on the ground state density distribution of the one dimensional spin-1 bosonic gases within a modified Gross-Pitaevskii theory both in the weakly interaction regime and in the Tonks-Girardeau (TG) regime. We find that for ferromagnetic spinor gas the phase separation occurs even for weak anisotropy of the spin-spin interaction, which becomes more and more obvious and the component of $m_F=0$ diminishes as the anisotropy increases. However, no phase separation is found for anti-ferromagnetic spinor gas in both regimes.