Quantum Phase Transition from Superfluid to Localized Condensates of Bose Fluid in a Confined Potential

TL;DR

This paper presents a model for a strongly correlated Bose fluid in a confined potential, analyzing the quantum phase transition from superfluid to localized condensates, with results aligning with experimental observations in liquid helium.

Contribution

The work introduces a pressure-dependent localization length and an analytical criterion for Bose-Einstein condensate localization, matching experimental critical pressures without free parameters.

Findings

Critical pressure for transition matches experimental data

Localization length depends on pressure

Superfluidity disappears at high pressure

Abstract

We develop a model of a strongly correlated Bose fluid model in a confined potential for the purpose of analyzing the localization of Bose-Einstein condensation and the disappearance of superfluidity. This work is motivated by the recent observation of a quantum phase transition in liquid $^4$He in porous glass at high pressures. By introducing a pressure-dependent localization length of the localized condensates, we could make a new analytical criterion for the localization of the condensate. Without introducing any free parameters, the resulting critical pressure of the transition from superfluid to localization is shown to be quantitatively consistent with observations.