Phase diagram of two dimensional electron gas in a perpendicular magnetic field around Landau level filling factors \nu=1 and \nu=3

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the phase transitions of a two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field near filling factors 1 and 3, proposing Skyrmions as explanations near ν=1 and identifying Wigner crystals near ν=3.

Contribution

It provides a thermodynamic analysis of melting curves and introduces a Skyrmion-based explanation near ν=1, while confirming Wigner crystals near ν=3.

Findings

Magnetization change ΔM(ν) explained by Skyrmions near ν=1

Wigner crystal identified as the solid phase near ν=3

Melting curve T_m(ν) analyzed using thermodynamics

Abstract

The measured melting curve $T_{m}(\nu)$ between the crystal and liquid phases is analyzed using thermodynamics to extract the change of magnetization $\Delta M$ as a function of the Landau level filling factor \ $\nu,$ near $\nu=1$. \ An explanation of $\Delta M$($\nu)$ is proposed \ in terms of Skyrmions. \ Near $\nu=3$, a Wigner crystal is the most probable solid phase, experiments excluding Skyrmions.