Mechanocaloric and Thermomechanical Effects in Bose-Einstein Condensed Systems

TL;DR

This paper extends hydrodynamic equations for Bose-Einstein condensates to include temperature effects, revealing that these fluids exhibit mechanocaloric and thermomechanical effects similar to superfluid helium-4, without assuming zero entropy.

Contribution

It introduces a new theoretical framework that incorporates temperature into BEC hydrodynamics, explaining thermomechanical phenomena without zero entropy assumptions.

Findings

Bose-Einstein condensates exhibit mechanocaloric effects.

Thermomechanical effects are explained without zero entropy hypothesis.

The approach aligns with experimental possibilities.

Abstract

In this paper we extend previous hydrodynamic equations, governing the motion of Bose-Einstein-condensed fluids, to include temperature effects. This allows us to analyze some differences between a normal fluid and a Bose-Einstein-condensed one. We show that, in close analogy with superfluid He-4, a Bose-Einstein-condensed fluid exhibits the mechanocaloric and thermomechanical effects. In our approach we can explain both effects without using the hypothesis that the Bose-Einstein-condensed fluid has zero entropy. Such ideas could be investigated in existing experiments.