Path-integral Monte Carlo simulations for interacting few-electron quantum dots with spin-orbit coupling

TL;DR

This paper introduces a path-integral Monte Carlo method for simulating interacting electrons in 2D quantum dots with spin-orbit coupling, providing accurate finite-temperature results and identifying stable magic numbers in the strong interaction regime.

Contribution

The paper develops a numerically exact Monte Carlo approach that naturally handles spin contamination and applies it to analyze electron properties in quantum dots with spin-orbit effects.

Findings

Identification of stable magic numbers at N=3 and N=7

Demonstration of the method's ability to handle spin contamination

Results showing differences from classical and weak-interaction predictions

Abstract

We develop path-integral Monte Carlo simulations for a parabolic two-dimensional (2D) quantum dot containing $N$ interacting electrons in the presence of Dresselhaus and/or Rashba spin-orbit couplings. Our method solves in a natural way the spin contamination problem and allows for numerically exact finite-temperature results at weak spin-orbit coupling. For $N<10$ electrons, we present data for the addition energy, the particle density, and the total spin $S$ in the Wigner molecule regime of strong Coulomb interactions. We identify magic numbers at N=3 and N=7 via a peak in the addition energy. These magic numbers differ both from weak-interaction and classical predictions, and are stable with respect to (weak) spin-orbit couplings.