Velocity Distributions of Granular Gases with Drag and with Long-Range Interactions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the velocity distributions of electrostatically driven granular gases, revealing non-Maxwellian behavior with exponential tails influenced by viscous damping and long-range interactions.

Contribution

It demonstrates how fluid environment and particle interactions affect velocity statistics in driven granular gases, supported by experimental data.

Findings

Velocity distributions are non-Maxwellian with exponential tails.

Viscous damping causes exponential tails in fluid-immersed particles.

Long-range interactions lead to exponential tails in magnetic particles.

Abstract

We study velocity statistics of electrostatically driven granular gases. For two different experiments: (i) non-magnetic particles in a viscous fluid and (ii) magnetic particles in air, the velocity distribution is non-Maxwellian, and its high-energy tail is exponential, P(v) ~ exp(-|v|). This behavior is consistent with kinetic theory of driven dissipative particles. For particles immersed in a fluid, viscous damping is responsible for the exponential tail, while for magnetic particles, long-range interactions cause the exponential tail. We conclude that velocity statistics of dissipative gases are sensitive to the fluid environment and to the form of the particle interaction.