Tunable critical current for a vortex pinned by a magnetic dipole

TL;DR

This paper presents a theoretical model showing how the critical current in a superconductor with a vortex pinned by a magnetic dipole can be tuned by an external magnetic field, due to the dipole's ability to rotate.

Contribution

The study introduces an exact calculation of the vortex pinning potential considering a freely rotating magnetic dipole, revealing a non-trivial dependence on the applied field that enables tuning of the critical current.

Findings

Order of magnitude changes in critical current with field variation.

Discontinuous changes in critical current observed.

Potential applications in superconducting devices with magnetic dot arrays.

Abstract

\\A simple model for a superconductor with tunable critical current is studied theoretically. The model consists of a thin superconducting film with one vortex interacting with one magnetic dipole, whose magnetic moment is free to rotate, in the presence of a magnetic field applied parallel to the film surfaces. The pinning potential for the vortex is calculated exactly in the London limit. It is found that, due to the dipole freedom to rotate, the dependence of the pinning potential on the applied field is non-trivial, and allows both the spatial dependence and strength of the pinning potential to be changed by the field. As a consequence, the critical current can be tuned by the applied field. The critical current is obtained numerically as a function of the applied field. Order of magnitude changes in the critical current resulting from changes in the direction and magnitude of the applied field are reported, with discontinuous changes taking place in some cases. Possible application to vortices in low-$T_c$ superconducting films pinned by arrays of magnetic dots are briefly considered. \\