Transport in polymer-gel composites: Theoretical methodology and response to an electric field

TL;DR

This paper develops a theoretical model for transport phenomena in polymer-gel composites under electric fields, providing exact solutions for ion fluxes, flow, and conductivity, with implications for various microfluidic and sensing applications.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive electrokinetic model for polymer-gel composites that accounts for microstructure control and provides exact solutions for transport properties under electric fields.

Findings

Electric-field-induced flow depends on particle zeta-potential and size.

Electrical conductivity increment is largely independent of gel and particle properties.

Model suggests accuracy at moderate inclusion volume fractions.

Abstract

A theoretical model of electromigrative, diffusive and convectivetransport polymer-gel composites is presented. Bulk properties are derived from the standard electrokinetic model with an impenetrable charged sphere embedded in an electrolyte-saturated Brinkman medium. Because the microstructure can be carefully controlled, these materials are promising candidates for enhanced gel-electrophoresis, chemical sensing, drug delivery, and microfluidic pumping technologies. The methodology provides `exact' solutions for situations where perturbations from equilibrium are induced by gradients of electrostatic potential, concentration and pressure. While the volume fraction of the inclusions should be small, Maxwell's well-known theory of conduction suggests that the theory may also be accurate at moderate volume fractions. In this work, the model is used to compute ion fluxes, electrical current density, and convective flow induced by an applied electric field. The electric-field-induced (electro-osmotic) flow is a sensitive indicator of the inclusion zeta-potential and size, electrolyte concentration, and Darcy permeability of the gel, while the electrical conductivity increment is most often independent of the polymer gel, and is much less sensitive to particle and electrolyte characteristics.