Gutzwiller study of spin-1 bosons in an optical lattice under a magnetic field

TL;DR

This paper investigates the phase transitions and magnetic properties of spin-1 bosons in an optical lattice under a magnetic field using the Gutzwiller approximation, revealing complex phase boundary structures and transition behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a Gutzwiller-based analysis of spin-1 bosons under magnetic fields, highlighting a cusp structure and coexistence of different superfluid transition orders.

Findings

Discontinuous phase boundary curves consistent with perturbative results

Discovery of a cusp structure at degeneracy points

Identification of two superfluid regions with different transition orders

Abstract

We study spin-1 bosons in an optical lattice under a magnetic field by the Gutzwiller approximation. Our results thus obtained join the discontinuous phase boundary curves obtained by perturbative studies through a first-order transition. On the phase boundary curve, we also find a peculiar cusp structure originating from the degeneracy between different spin Mott states under a magnetic field. The magnetic field dependence of both fluctuation in the total number of bosons and the spin magnetization clarifies that the superfluid phase is divided into two regions reflecting the coexisting first- and second-order superfluid transitions.