Vortex Lattice in the Planar Bose-Einstein Condensates with Dipolar Interactions

TL;DR

This paper studies how dipole-dipole interactions influence vortex lattice structures in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing phase transitions and coherence loss mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides new insights into vortex lattice configurations under dipolar interactions and their effects on phase coherence in coupled condensates.

Findings

Triangular lattice becomes unfavorable with strong attractive s-wave interactions.

Vortex lattice transitions from triangular to square and then flattens before collapse.

Dipole interactions affect phase coherence between coupled condensates.

Abstract

In this letter we investigate the effects of dipole-dipole interactions on the vortex lattices in fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. For single planar condensate, we show that the triangular lattice structure will be unfavorable when the s-wave interaction is attractive and exceeds a critical value. It will first change to a square lattice, and then become more and more flat with the increase of s-wave attraction, until the collapse of the condensate. For an array of coupled planar condensates, we discuss how the dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring condensates compete with the quantum tunneling processes, which affects the relative displacement of two neighboring vortex lattices and leads to the loss of phase coherence between different condensates.