Internal Friction and Vulnerability of Mixed Alkali Glasses

TL;DR

This paper presents a hopping model explaining the mixed alkali effect in glasses, highlighting how vacancy concentration influences internal friction and ion mobility, with results aligning with experimental observations.

Contribution

It introduces a model linking vacancy dynamics to the mixed alkali effect, explaining internal friction peaks and ion mobility vulnerability in glasses.

Findings

Internal friction peaks caused by ion-vacancy and ion-ion exchange processes.

Small vacancy concentration c_V can produce comparable internal friction peaks.

Minority ions induce vacancy trapping, leading to increased vulnerability.

Abstract

Based on a hopping model we show how the mixed alkali effect in glasses can be understood if only a small fraction c_V ofthe available sites for the mobile ions is vacant. In particular, we reproduce the peculiar behavior of the internal friction and the steep fall (''vulnerability'') of the mobility of the majority ion upon small replacements by the minority ion. The single and mixed alkali internal friction peaks are caused by ion-vacancy and ion-ion exchange processes. If c_V is small, they can become comparable in height even at small mixing ratios. The large vulnerability is explained by a trapping of vacancies induced by the minority ions. Reasonable choices of model parameters yield typical behaviors found in experiments.