Pathway from condensation via fragmentation to fermionization of cold bosonic systems

TL;DR

This paper explores the transition of cold bosonic systems from a smooth condensate to a fermionized state as scattering length increases, revealing phenomena like fragmentation and coexistence depending on trap shape.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed pathway illustrating how bosonic systems evolve into fermionized states, highlighting the roles of fragmentation and spatial coexistence.

Findings

Density oscillations increase with scattering length

Fermionization occurs when oscillation count matches particle number

Trap shape influences fragmentation and coexistence phenomena

Abstract

For small scattering lengths, cold bosonic atoms form a condensate the density profile of which is smooth. With increasing scattering length, the density {\it gradually} acquires more and more oscillations. Finally, the number of oscillations equals the number of bosons and the system becomes {\it fermionized}. On this pathway from condensation to fermionization intriguing phenomena occur, depending on the shape of the trap. These include macroscopic fragmentation and {\it coexistence} of condensed and fermionized parts that are separated in space.