Sandpile model on an optimized scale-free network on Euclidean space

TL;DR

This paper investigates the critical behavior of deterministic sandpile models on an optimized scale-free network embedded in Euclidean space, revealing that optimization influences the universality class of the model.

Contribution

It introduces a cost-optimized Barabási-Albert network model and compares its sandpile critical behavior to that of unoptimized networks, showing the impact of network optimization.

Findings

Optimized BA network exhibits BTW-like critical behavior.

Unoptimized BA network shows mean-field critical behavior.

Network optimization alters the universality class of the sandpile model.

Abstract

Deterministic sandpile models are studied on a cost optimized Barab\'asi-Albert (BA) scale-free network whose nodes are the sites of a square lattice. For the optimized BA network, the sandpile model has the same critical behaviour as the BTW sandpile, whereas for the un-optimized BA network the critical behaviour is mean-field like.