A Bose-Einstein condensate in a random potential
J.E. Lye, L. Fallani, M. Modugno, D. Wiersma, C. Fort, and M. Inguscio
TL;DR
This paper explores how a Bose-Einstein condensate behaves in a disordered optical speckle potential, revealing localization, stripe formation, and damping of collective oscillations, with theoretical explanations for observed frequency shifts.
Contribution
It provides experimental observations and theoretical analysis of BEC dynamics in disordered potentials, highlighting localization and mode shifts not previously detailed.
Findings
Localization of condensate in deep potential wells
Observation of stripe patterns in expanded density profiles
Damping and frequency shifts of collective oscillations
Abstract
An optical speckle potential is used to investigate the static and dynamic properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of disorder. For strong disorder the condensate is localized in the deep wells of the potential. With smaller levels of disorder, stripes are observed in the expanded density profile and strong damping of dipole and quadrupole oscillations is seen. Uncorrelated frequency shifts of the two modes are measured for a weak disorder and are explained using a sum-rules approach and by the numerical solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
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