Surface Induced Order in Liquid Metals and Binary Alloys
Elaine DiMasi, Holger Tostmann, Oleg G. Shpyrko, Peter S. Pershan,, Benjamin M. Ocko, Moshe Deutsch

TL;DR
This paper reviews surface x-ray scattering studies revealing surface-induced layering in liquid metals and alloys, highlighting phenomena like segregation, wetting films, and pair formation at the surfaces.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive review of surface structures in various liquid metals and alloys, emphasizing the effects of heteroatomic interactions and surface phenomena.
Findings
Surface-induced layering observed in all elemental liquids studied.
Surface segregation and wetting films identified in Ga-Bi alloy.
Pair formation at the surface of Bi-In alloy.
Abstract
Measurements of the surface x-ray scattering from several pure liquid metals (Hg, Ga, and In) and from three alloys (Ga-Bi, Bi-In, and K-Na) with different heteroatomic chemical interactions in the bulk phase are reviewed. Surface-induced layering is found for each elemental liquid metal. The surface structure of the K-Na alloy resembles that of an elemental liquid metal. Bi-In displays pair formation at the surface. Surface segregation and a wetting film are found for Ga-Bi.
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