Spin-glass chain in a magnetic field : influence of the disorder distribution on ground state properties and low-energy excitations

TL;DR

This study investigates how the distribution of disorder in a spin-glass chain under a magnetic field affects its ground state and low-energy excitations, revealing detailed statistical properties and proposing a hierarchical fragmentation interpretation.

Contribution

The paper provides a detailed numerical analysis of the ground state and low-energy excitations in a disordered spin-glass chain, extending understanding beyond the bimodal case and proposing a hierarchical RG framework.

Findings

Ground state consists of unfrustrated intervals separated by weak bonds.

Two types of low-energy excitations identified and characterized.

Results agree with transfer matrix evaluations at low temperature.

Abstract

For the spin-glass chain in an external field $h$, a non-zero weight at the origin of the bond distribution $\rho (J)$ is known to induce a non-analytical magnetization at zero temperature : for $\rho(J) \sim A | J |^{\mu-1}$ near $J \to 0$, the magnetization follows the Chen-Ma scaling $M \sim h^{\mu/(2+\mu)}$. In this paper, we numerically revisit this model to obtain detailed statistical information on the ground state configuration and on the low-energy two-level excitations that govern the low temperature properties. The ground state consists of long unfrustrated intervals separated by weak frustrated bonds: We accordingly compute the strength distribution of these frustrated bonds, as well as the length- and magnetization- distributions of the unfrustrated intervals. We find that the low-energy excitations are of two types (i) one frustrated bond of the ground state may have two positions that are nearly degenerate in energy (ii) two neighboring frustrated bonds of the ground state may be annihilated or created with nearly zero energy cost. For each excitation type, we compute its probability density as a function of its length. We moreover show that the contributions of these excitations to various observables (specific heat, Edwards-Anderson order parameter, susceptibility) are in full agreement with direct transfer matrix evaluations at low temperature. Finally, following the special bimodal case $\pm J$, where a Ma-Dasgupta RG procedure has been previously used to compute explicitly the above observables, we discuss the possibility of an extended RG procedure : we find that the ground state can be seen as the result of a hierarchical `fragmentation' procedure that we describe.