Group theory and octupolar order in URu2Si2

TL;DR

This paper investigates the hidden order in URu2Si2, proposing octupolar order as the candidate, and uses group theory and a crystal field model to explain experimental observations and phase transitions.

Contribution

It introduces octupolar order as the hidden order parameter in URu2Si2 and provides a group theoretical framework consistent with experimental data and phase diagrams.

Findings

Octupolar order explains hidden order without magnetic moments.

Phase diagram shows first-order transition between octupolar and antiferromagnetic phases.

Weak uniaxial stress induces magnetic moments in the octupolar phase.

Abstract

Recent experiments on URu2Si2 show that the low-pressure hidden order is non-magnetic but it breaks time reversal invariance. Restricting our attention to local order parameters of 5f2 shells, we find that the best candidate for hidden order is staggered order of either Tz(beta) or Txyz octupoles. Group theoretical arguments for the effect of symmetry-lowering perturbations (magnetic field, mechanical stress) predict behavior in good overall agreement with observations. We illustrate our general arguments on the example of a five-state crystal field model which differs in several details from models discussed in the literature. The general appearance of the mean field phase diagram agrees with the experimental results. In particular, we find that a) at zero magnetic field, there is a first-order phase boundary between octupolar order and large-moment antiferromagnetism with increasing hydrostatic pressure; b) arbitrarily weak uniaxial pressure induces staggered magnetic moments in the octupolar phase; and c) a new phase with different symmetry appears at large magnetic fields.