Parity Breaking in Nematic Tactoids

TL;DR

This paper theoretically examines the conditions under which nematic tactoids develop a twisted, parity-broken director field, highlighting the roles of elastic constants and droplet volume in the stability of such structures.

Contribution

It identifies the specific elastic and volume conditions that lead to parity-breaking in nematic tactoids, providing a theoretical framework for understanding their internal director configurations.

Findings

Twisted director fields are stable when twist and bend elastic constants are small compared to splay.

A minimum droplet volume is required for parity-breaking to occur.

Suspensions of rigid rods cannot support parity-broken tactoids, unlike semi-flexible particles.

Abstract

We theoretically investigate under what conditions the director field in a spindle-shaped nematic droplet or tactoid obtains a twisted, parity-broken structure. By minimizing the sum of the bulk elastic and surface energies, we show that a twisted director field is stable if the twist and bend elastic constants are small enough compared to the splay elastic constant, but only if the droplet volume is larger than some minimum value. We furthermore show that the transition from an untwisted to a twisted director-field structure is a sharp function of the various control parameters. We predict that suspensions of rigid, rod-like particles cannot support droplets with a parity broken structure, whereas they could possibly occur in those of semi-flexible, worm-like particles.