Dephasing and delay time fluctuations in the chaotic scattering of a quantum particle weakly coupled to a complicated background

TL;DR

This paper investigates how a complex environment affects quantum particle scattering, focusing on dephasing, delay time fluctuations, and resonance behavior in mesoscopic structures, using a microscopic model to unify damping and dephasing effects.

Contribution

It introduces a microscopic model that simultaneously describes dephasing and absorption in chaotic quantum scattering, linking internal damping to the coupling with background states.

Findings

Delay time fluctuations are significantly enhanced by long-lived resonances.

Internal damping and dephasing rates are expressed through the spreading width.

Formation of fine-structure resonances broadens delay time distribution.

Abstract

Effect of a complicated many-body environment is analyzed on the chaotic motion of a quantum particle in a mesoscopic ballistic structure. The dephasing and absorption phenomena are treated on the same footing in the framework of a schematic microscopic model. The single-particle doorway resonance states excited in the structure via an external channel are damped not only because of the escape onto such channels but also due to ulterior population of the long-lived background states. The transmission through the structure is presented as an incoherent sum of the flow formed by the interfering damped doorway resonances and the retarded flow of the particles reemitted by the environment. The resulting internal damping as well as the dephasing rate are uniquely expressed in terms of the spreading width which controls the coupling to the background. The formation of the long-lived fine-structure resonances strongly enhances delay time fluctuations thus broadening the delay time distribution.