Bernoulli potential in type-I and weak type-II superconductors: III. Electrostatic potential above the vortex lattice

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the electrostatic potential above the vortex lattice in type-I and weak type-II superconductors using Ginzburg-Landau theory, highlighting the impact of surface dipoles on potential observability at different temperatures.

Contribution

It incorporates the surface dipole into the electrostatic potential calculation, revealing temperature-dependent effects on potential detectability in superconductors.

Findings

Surface dipole reduces electrostatic potential near critical temperature.

Electrostatic potential remains observable at low temperatures.

Potential sensitivity varies with temperature and surface effects.

Abstract

The electrostatic potential above the Abrikosov vortex lattice, discussed earlier by Blatter {\em et al.} {[}PRL {\bf 77}, 566 (1996){]}, is evaluated within the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Unlike previous studies we include the surface dipole. Close to the critical temperature, the surface dipole reduces the electrostatic potential to values below a sensitivity of recent sensors. At low temperatures the surface dipole is less effective and the electrostatic potential remains observable as predicted earlier.