Dendritic flux penetration in Pb films with a periodic array of antidots

TL;DR

This study visualizes and analyzes dendritic flux penetration in Pb thin films with antidots, revealing how vortex motion and flux patterns depend on temperature, magnetic field, and pinning topology, with implications for understanding flux avalanches.

Contribution

It provides the first direct visualization of flux patterns in Pb films with antidots and characterizes the phase boundary and avalanche behavior in this system.

Findings

Dendritic flux patterns are observed at low temperatures.

The phase boundary H*(T) separates dendritic and smooth flux penetration.

Avalanche sizes follow a power-law distribution with exponent ~0.9.

Abstract

We explore the flux-jump regime in type-II Pb thin films with a periodic array of antidots by means of magneto-optical measurements. A direct visualization of the magnetic flux distribution allows to identify a rich morphology of flux penetration patterns. We determine the phase boundary $H^*(T)$ between dendritic penetration at low temperatures and a smooth flux invasion at high temperatures and fields. For the whole range of fields and temperatures studied, guided vortex motion along the principal axes of the square pinning array is clearly observed. In particular, the branching process of the dendrite expansion is fully governed by the underlying pinning topology. A comparative study between macroscopic techniques and direct local visualization shed light onto the puzzling $T-$ and $H-$independent magnetic response observed at low temperatures and fields. Finally, we find that the distribution of avalanche sizes at low temperatures can be described by a power law with exponent $\tau \sim 0.9(1)$.