Conductivity rules in the Fermi and charge-spin separated liquid

TL;DR

This paper extends the Ioffe-Larkin rule to 2D systems where spinons, holons, and electrons coexist, providing a unified framework for understanding conductivity in charge-spin separated liquids.

Contribution

The paper derives an extended conductivity rule for 2D systems with coexisting spinons, holons, and electrons, expanding the original Ioffe-Larkin rule.

Findings

Extended conductivity rule consistent with original Ioffe-Larkin rule

Applicable to 2D charge-spin separated systems

Provides theoretical foundation for conductivity in mixed quasiparticle states

Abstract

Ioffe-Larkin rule applies for the pure charge-spin separation regardless of its dimensionality. Here, an extension to this rule as a result of the coexistence of spinon, holon and electron as a single entity in the 2-dimensional (2D) system is derived, which is also in accordance with the original rule.