Critical gaps of first-order phase transition in infinitely long Ising cylinders with antiperiodically joined circumference

TL;DR

This paper analytically demonstrates the existence of a first-order phase transition in infinitely long Ising cylinders with antiperiodic boundary conditions, providing explicit calculations of critical gaps in energy and heat capacity.

Contribution

It introduces an exact analytical approach to identify and quantify first-order phase transition gaps in Ising cylinders with antiperiodic boundary conditions.

Findings

First-order phase transition at the critical point is confirmed.

Critical gaps in internal energy and specific heat are analytically calculated.

Transition characteristics depend on boundary conditions and lattice types.

Abstract

Based on the analytic expression of free energy for infinitely long Ising strip with finite width joined antiperiodically on a variety of planar lattices, we show the existence of first-order phase transition at the critical point of Ising transition. The critical gaps of the transition are also calculated analytically by measuring the discontinuities in the internal energy and the specific heat.