Role of doped holes in a U(1) spin liquid

TL;DR

This paper explores how doped holes influence the emergence of antiferromagnetic order and superconductivity in a U(1) spin liquid through instanton effects and zero modes within the SU(2) slave boson framework.

Contribution

It demonstrates the role of holon condensation in generating spinon mass via instanton zero modes, linking magnetic and superconducting phases.

Findings

Spinon mass is induced by instanton zero modes.

Antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity can coexist.

Instanton effects determine the magnetic properties of the spin liquid.

Abstract

In the context of the SU(2) slave boson theory we show that condensation of holons can result in the zero mode of a nodal spinon in a single instanton potential. Instanton contribution in the presence of the zero mode induces the 't Hooft effective interaction, here mass to the spinon. We find that the spinon mass is determined by the state of instantons in the presence of the zero mode. The mass corresponds to antiferromagnetic moment of the nodal spinon. Considering the state of instantons, we discuss the possibility of coexistence between antiferromagnetism and $d-wave$ superconductivity in underdoped cuprates.