Cyclostationary measurement of low-frequency odd moments of current fluctuations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method using cyclostationary driving to measure low-frequency odd moments of current fluctuations, overcoming filtering challenges and enabling more accurate noise analysis.

Contribution

It proposes two measurement schemes, analyzes their limitations, and discusses how to test measurement accuracy through phase dependence, advancing current noise measurement techniques.

Findings

Cyclostationary driving enables measurement of odd moments without strict filtering.

Two schemes, mixing and statistics, are proposed for current fluctuation analysis.

Limitations due to noise and environment are addressed, with measurement time considerations discussed.

Abstract

Measurement of odd moments of current fluctuations is difficult due to strict requirements for band-pass filtering. We propose how these requirements can be overcome using cyclostationary driving of the measured signal and indicate how the measurement accuracy can be tested through the phase dependence of the moments of the fluctuations. We consider two schemes, the mixing scheme and the statistics scheme, where the current statistics can be accessed. We also address the limitations of the schemes, due to excess noise and due to the effects of the environment, and, finally, discuss the required measurement times for typical setups.