Stabilization of bright solitons and vortex solitons in a trapless three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate by temporal modulation of the scattering length

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that rapid temporal modulation of scattering length via Feshbach resonance can stabilize both bright and vortex solitons in a trapless three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate, with implications for nonlinear optics.

Contribution

It introduces a method to stabilize 3D bright and vortex solitons in BECs using temporal modulation of scattering length, a novel approach in the field.

Findings

Stabilization of 3D bright solitons in BECs without trapping.

Stabilization of vortex solitons in 2D using the same method.

Potential application to stabilizing spatiotemporal solitons in nonlinear optics.

Abstract

Using variational and numerical solutions of the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation we show that a bright soliton can be stabilized in a trapless three-dimensional attractive Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) by a rapid periodic temporal modulation of scattering length alone by using a Feshbach resonance. This scheme also stabilizes a rotating vortex soliton in two dimensions. Apart from possible experimental application in BEC, the present study suggests that the spatiotemporal solitons of nonlinear optics in three dimensions can also be stabilized in a layered Kerr medium with sign-changing nonlinearity along the propagation direction.